Chicano Art Essay

Chicano art started in Mexican American communities within sustain of the civil rights society, suitable a national art progress with global span which includes CARA exhibition, Los fours and the other exhibitions. The appearance, institutional carry out the ritual though innovation, mythic construct; political and civilizing engagement. During the 1960’s there was a lot going on the world, not only did Chicano had to stand up for them. They wanted to find ways to express Chicanos, in searching of ways one popular movement came which is the art. First of all, phantom sighting after the Chicano movement was developed in the early 2000’s this exhibit wanted to still reveal about the Chicano society. The meaning of their exhibit was broken down into three reasons. According to the book, number one- Chicano art produces to be seen, does not exist in the art world. Number two- self identified Chicanos who refuse the category. Number three- homonym’s for sighting sitting, citing â€Å"actions that turn the apparitional into something real†. I agree with those terms, however this exhibit was made and feels modernize. In which the book, states that it is a visual of everyday life; therefore we have to understand that each of the artists will view the world differently. Further than a century of discrimination adjacent to one of the biggest alternative residing in the United States with the purpose of continues now. Hispanics are targets of unfairness and are not proffer equivalent opportunities in jobs and learning. The prejudice dates back toward the finish of the Mexican War while thousands of Mexicans became American citizens overnight. .according to history, this happened, because of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. That helped them to settle in America. Unfortunately they had a rough time in America, and later than in the three generation of individual born in America Chicanos resolute to uprising. Secondly, another exhibition called Chicano vision American painter on verge, this exhibit consist majority of paintings. â€Å"They were Chicano looked and at the world though Chicano eyes† , during a reading came across this appealing quote. Hence it correlates with the book of this title. The book has come up with so many flaws and positive aspects. One issue was struggled to gain acceptance in the gallery world, as stated in the book. Rather than waiting around, the artists would go and display their works anywhere that has people, example the book said â€Å"in public places wall† this has grab viewers attention because most people think of tagging or graffiti. However that is not the reason, artists have reason to put such a mural or scene on the wall. They wanted to tell a story, and expressing how they felt. Wondering what types of influences did artists have? Music, expressionism, impressionism, and photorealism were the reasons as mentioned in the book. Glugio†Gronk†Nicandro one influence was listening to the Beatles; Carlos Almarez has painting style similarity as an expressionism. John Valdez has an excellent photorealism painting, called Car show; that painting could easily be mistaken as a photo, if the artist did not explain what medium was used. In the late 1960’s and 1970’s formed social and political literacy, according to the book; therefore 1965 there was a popluar civil right activist, Cesar E Chavez. Who is known to fight with the famers to gain respect and equality; the iconographic figure is sun mad by Ester Hernandez. One great example is frank Romero, who creates the death of Ruben Salazar the painting is remembering on Ruben Salazar’s death, because he was known as a writer and activist during the 1960’s involve with the Chicano movement. In addition, the Chicano Movement not just do the unruly early life of the 20th century form a strong alteration here the connotations linked with Mexican-Americans nevertheless they as well did sculpture, paintings, perform to outward appearance a cultural personality exceptional and definitely their hold. For the most part viewing on Southern California during the 1940’s to the current, Chicano Art looked into older ancestry from Mexican painters like Rivera, Siqueiros, and Kahlo, and they follow certain styles and images. Third exhibition, â€Å"Chicano Art: Resistance and Affirmation, 1965-1985–toured major museums around the United States† as the author states, and known too CARA. This is an intriguing response from New York Times. â€Å"But where the Whitney show remains largely an attempt by art-world insiders to simulate an outsider art, â€Å"Chicano Art: Resistance and Affirmation† is the real thing, coming straight from the heart and mind of an entire culture, and having both the vitality and the limitations that such breadth of intention and intensity of feeling bring. † Agreement within the statement is highly recommended, those artists have work hard and fought for their place to put an art show; and illustrate to the world who are the Chicanos and what is going on in life. Overall all three exhibitions are admirable, but they each have similarities and differences. The exhibits discusses about these topics; people, culture, history and political aspects. Phantom sighting is view- conceptual over representative; that was stated in a lecture in class. Chicano Visions was look as creating an identity according to the book. CARA points of reasoning, is taken though all different ways such as â€Å"cultural studies, feminist theory, anthropology and semiotics† in which the author states.

Efforts To Eradicate Poliomyelitis Health And Social Care Essay

Through the attempts of the planetary run to eliminate infantile paralysis, infantile paralysis instances have declined worldwide, from 35,251 instances in 1988, to 1449 instances as of 28 October 2005, ( CDC ) . However, confirmed instances of wild infantile paralysis virus continue to be reported from Southern portion of Zimbabwe. This proposal aims to supply a wellness publicity instruction to the people of Gwanda, particularly the political and spiritual leaders who encouraged the boycott of immunization. With the encouragement from the leaders the villagers believed that the vaccinum was contaminated by anti-fertility substances, others questioned the focal point on infantile paralysis when rubeolas and malaria were considered more harmful. Some besides distrusted claims about the safety of Western biomedicine. These concerns relate to inquiries about the rightness of perpendicular wellness intercessions, where degrees of everyday immunisation are low. Therefore a community base d wellness publicity program after a wellness appraisal demand is done will be produced. Management of alteration theory by Lewin will be used in educating the leaders on infantile paralysis and the importance of immunization.IntroductionIn 1988, the World Health Assembly voted to implement a run to eliminate infantile paralysis by the terminal of the twelvemonth 2000, following the successful obliteration of variola in 1980 ( Henderson, 1999 ) . However, with 2971 confirmed new infantile paralysis instances worldwide by the terminal of 2000, the deadline was extended to 2004 ( WHO, 2004 ) . Although the figure of infantile paralysis instances has declined well worldwide, from 35,251 instances in 1988 to 1449 instances in 2005 ( 28 October ; WHO, 2005 ) , the end remains elusive. Cases continue to be reported, chiefly in India, Nigeria, Some parts of Zimbabwe, Pakistan, and Afghanistan ( Altman, 2006 ) , although eruptions in Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, Chad, Cote d'Ivoi re, Mali, and Sudan in 2004 ( CDC, 2005, p. 874 ) , and in Indonesia and Yemen in 2005 ( McNeil ( 2005a ) and McNeil ( 2005c ) ) , which were once polio free, have besides been reported. This enterprise aims to better the wellness of disadvantaged kids in a province in Zimbabwe, through a wellness publicity programme. The proposal is aiming kids under the age of 5 old ages this will enable unsusceptibility for kids when turning up. The community spiritual and political leaders brought the state to a standstill by boycotting polio immunization among their community, claiming that it was infected with assorted diseases. The wellness publicity intends to accomplish this by affecting different spouses, and basic wellness publicity rules. Health publicity has emerged in the last decennary as an of import force to better both quality and measure of people ‘s lives. Sometimes termed ‘the new public wellness ‘ it seeks to back up and promote a participative societal motion that enables persons and communities to take control over their ain wellness. ( McDowall et al, 2006 ) . The necessity for wellness publicity is preponderantly identified via epidemiology which is by and large perceived as the chief scientific beginning for public wellness issues, ( Van der Maesena et Al, 2000 ) . Recently the significance of traditional epidemiology in this function has been questioned as traditional epidemiological methods may be excessively blunt excessively trade with the complications of today ‘s wellness jobs, ( Lancet and Nuffield ‘s Institute for Health, 2003 ) . Wallerstein, ( 2006 ) , notes that the challenge of modern wellness publicity is to better societal conditions related to wellness and in making so, non stay so reliant on epidemiology to place wellness jobs. Alongside the wellness motion emerged the thought of educating the populace for the good of its wellness ( Tibaijuka, 2005 ) . Therefore, the intent of wellness publicity is to beef up the accomplishments and capablenesss of persons to take action and the capacity of groups or communiti es to move jointly to exercise control over the hurts of wellness and achieve positive wellness. However, one would reason that each individual is accountable to their ain wellness and one can non coerce them to alter their wellness behavior, but to advice Banks ( 2001 ) believes that it is possible to warrant breaches of liberty if the purpose of wellness publicity is to forestall injury to society, and the agencies to accomplish this are ethically and lawfully appropriate. Annas ( 2003 ) argues that justification of disproportionality is possible on the footing that bar is better than remedy, if the remedy is well more expensive or hard, as intervention of homelessness or poorness would be. Clinical medical specialty has long been bound by an established codification of moralss. Possibly public justification would be easier were an in agreement codification of moralss available and used by all involved in wellness publicity, ( Sindall 2002 ) . Consequently the end of wellness publicity is non to coerce a place of perfect wellness on persons but to assist people to be every bit healthy as they desire to be. However it is non easy for wellness publicity due to societal determiners of wellness such as poorness which makes these persons determinations on their wellness behavior hard, hapless lodging conditions. Therefore the demand for shuting the spread of the inequalities in wellness should be addressed in any wellness publicity activity. Due to cultural values and positions on immunization, a challenge to alter will be proposed. Therefore, Kurt Lewin ‘s 1951 Management ‘s of Change Theory will be used in this proposal to alter the political spiritual leaders mind on immunization. Poliomyelitis in kids particularly the under-5 is a major job in this country and the universe at big, there are 3 types of the virus doing polio.Type-2 of the virus has been eliminated. In 2006, Type 1 infantile paralysis virus constituted 847 of the 1129 instance of infantile paralysis recorded in Zimbabwe ( CDC, 2007 ) . All the instances were recorded in the northern portion of the state therefore foregrounding the demand in that country. Gwanda State ranked 1th of the provinces affected with 356 instances. Merely four states ( Afghanistan, India, Nigeria, and Pakistan ) have ne'er experienced break of poliovirus transmittal. Zimbabwe had the largest figure of instances in 2006, accounting for 1,129 ( 56 % ) of the 2,002 instances reported globally. The figure of confirmed infantile paralysis instances in Zimbabwe attributed to both WPV type 1 ( WPV1 ) and type 3 ( WPV3 ) increased from 782 in 2004 to 830 in 2005 and to 1,129 in 2006 ( CDC 2007 ) . In the targeted northern provinces, local authorities countries ( LGAs ) offered other wellness intercessions when kids were brought to inoculation stations. These intercessions included distribution of soap, Datril, unwritten rehydration salts, anti-helminthics, and insecticide-treated bed cyberspaces to promote response to immunisation.The DiseasePoliomyelitis is an infective disease that used to be the most common cause of palsy in immature people. For this ground, it was known as childish palsy. Polio was one time a common cause of deceas e, but widespread inoculation has greatly reduced it. Better hygiene and sanitation have helped, but inoculation is the most of import ground why this disease is now so rare. The words infantile paralysis ( Grey ) and myelon ( marrow, bespeaking the spinal cord ) are derived from the Greek. It is the consequence of infantile paralysis virus on the spinal cord that leads to the authoritative manifestation of palsy. Persons at hazard of polio.mainly affect kids under five old ages of age. ( CDC ) . Poliovirus is a member of the enterovirus subgroup, household Picornaviridae. Enteroviruss are transeunt dwellers of the GI piece of land, and are stable at acerb pH. Picornaviruss are little, ether-insensitive viruses with an RNA genome. There are three poliovirus serotypes. There is minimum heterotypic unsusceptibility between the three serotypes. That is, unsusceptibility to one serotype does non bring forth important unsusceptibility to the other serotypes. The poliovirus is quickly inactivated by heat, methanal, Cl, and ultraviolet visible radiation. Polio is caused by poliovirus type-1, type-2 or type-3. Type-2 poliovirus has been eliminated, ( CDC ) The virus enters through the oral cavity, and primary generation of the virus occurs at the site of nidation in the throat and GI piece of land. The virus is normally present in the pharynx and in the stool before the oncoming of unwellness. One hebdomad after oncoming there is fewer viruses in the pharynx, but virus continues to be excreted in the stool for several hebdomads. The virus invades local lymphoid tissue, enters the blood stream, and so may infect cells of the cardinal nervous system. Reproduction of poliovirus in motor nerve cells of the anterior horn and encephalon root consequences in cell devastation and causes the typical manifestations of infantile paralysis, ( CDC ) . The unwellness progresses to flaccid palsy with lessened deep sinew physiological reactions, reaches a tableland without alteration for yearss to hebdomads, and is normally asymmetrical. Strength so begins to return. Patients do non see centripetal losingss or alterations in knowledge. Many individuals with paralytic infantile paralysis recover wholly and, in most, musculus map returns to some grade. Weakness or palsy still present 12 months after onset is normally permanent.CDC ) . Paralytic infantile paralysis is classified into three types, depending on the degree of engagement. Spinal infantile paralysis is most common, accounting for 79 % of paralytic instances. It is characterized by symmetric palsy that most frequently involves the legs. Bulbar infantile paralysis leads to failing of musculuss innervated by cranial nervousnesss and histories for 2 % of instances. Bulbo-spinal infantile paralysis, a combination of bulbar and spinal palsy, histories for 19 % of instances. The death-to-case ratio for paralytic infantile paralysis is by and large 2 % -5 % among kids and up to 15 % -30 % for grownups ( depending on age ) . It increases to 25 % -75 % with bulbar engagement. Epidemiology At one clip poliovirus infection occurred throughout the universe. Polio obliteration Program conducted by the Pan American Health Organization led to riddance of infantile paralysis in the Western Hemisphere in 1991. The Global Polio Eradication Program has dramatically reduced poliovirus transmittal throughout the universe. In 2005, merely 1,948 confirmed instances of infantile paralysis were reported globally and infantile paralysis was endemic in six states. ( WHO ) . Reservoir Worlds are the lone known reservoir of poliovirus, which, is transmitted most often by individuals with in-apparent infections. There is no symptomless bearer province except in Immune deficient individuals. Transmission Person-to-person spread of poliovirus via the faecal-oral path is the most of import path of transmittal, although the oral-oral path may account for some instances. Temporal Pattern Poliovirus infection typically peaks in the summer months in temperate climes. There is no seasonal form in tropical climes. Communicability Poliovirus is extremely infective, with sero-conversion rates among susceptible family contacts of kids about 100 % , and greater than 90 % among susceptible family contacts of grownups. Persons infected with poliovirus are most infective from 7 to 10 yearss before and after the oncoming of symptoms, but poliovirus may be present in the stool from 3 to 6 hebdomads. Prevention of infantile paralysis There is no remedy for infantile paralysis, it can merely be prevented. Polio vaccinum, given multiple times, can protect a kid for life. Polio is prevented by the DTaP/IPV/Hib ( five-in-one ) vaccinum, which is given during childhood. It provides unsusceptibility to polio, every bit good as diphtheria, lockjaw, whooping cough and Hib. The vaccinum was introduced in the UK in 2004, and has been used in Canada since 1997. Before the five-in-one vaccinum, kids were immunised against infantile paralysis with an unwritten ( taken by oral cavity ) vaccinum called Sabin. Although this is still available, the five-in-one vaccinum provides a similar or better degree of protection, and is the preferable signifier of immunization. Both types of vaccinum work by let go ofing really little sums ( strains ) of the virus into the organic structure. These strains are excessively weak to bring forth disease, and are easy fought off by the organic structure ‘s immune system. If you come into co ntact with the virus once more, your organic structure knows how to do antibodies to contend it off, ( WHO ) . Post-polio Syndrome After an interval of 30-40 old ages, 25 % -40 % of individuals who contracted paralytic infantile paralysis in childhood experience new musculus hurting and aggravation of bing failing, or develop new failing or palsy. This disease entity is referred to as postpolio syndrome. Factors that increase the hazard of post-polio syndrome include increasing length of clip since ague poliovirus infection, presence of lasting residuary damage after recovery from the ague unwellness, and female sex. The pathogenesis of post-polio syndrome is thought to affect the failure of outsize motor units created during the recovery procedure of paralytic infantile paralysis. Post-polio syndrome is non an infective procedure, and individuals sing the syndrome do non shed poliovirus ( CDC ) .Health Needs Assessment.Health demands appraisal is a new phrase to depict the development and polish of good established attacks to understanding the demands of a local population. Health needs appraisal may be defined as the systematic method of placing unmet wellness and health care demands of a population, and doing alterations to run into those unmet demands ( Wright, Williams and Wilkinson, 2008 ) . Another manner of specifying wellness demands appraisal is as a procedure of mensurating ill-health in a population. Under this definition wellness demands are viewed as wellness losingss, and wellness demands assessment involves the building of a wellness profile ( or instead an unwellness profile ) which in bend, relies on steps of incidence, prevalence and grade of badness of assorted wellness jobs in a population. The greater the sum of ill-health the greater is need ( Pickin and St Leger, 2004 ) . All wellness demands assessment concerns three cardinal elements: wellness jobs ( necessitate ) resources and results ( wellness addition ) ( Robinson and Elkan, 2006 ) . Needs in wellness attention is normally defined as the capacity to profit. If wellness demands are to be identified so there should be an effectual intercession available to run into these demands and better wellness. Bradshaw ( 1972 ) classified needs into ; -Felt need ; equated to desire. An person ‘s perceptual experience of fluctuation from normal wellness. -Expressed demand ; felt demand turned to action. Persons seek aid to get the better of fluctuation from normal wellness. -Normative demand ; a professional defines intercession appropriate for the uttered demand. -Comparative demand ; comparing between demands for badness, size, scope of intercessions and cost. It is about equity. Health needs incorporates the wider societal and environmental determiners of wellness, such as want, lodging, diet, instruction, employment. This wider definition allows us to look beyond the confines of the medical theoretical account based on wellness services, to the wider influences on wellness. Health demands of a population will be invariably altering, and many will non be so conformable to medical intercession ( Wright, 2008 ) . It is necessary to set about a Health Need Assessment ( HNA ) to supply grounds about a population on which to be after service and address wellness inequalities, to supply an chance to prosecute with specific populations and enable them to lend to targeted service planning and resource allotment and eventually to supply an chance for cross-sectoral partnership working and developing originative and effectual intercessions. Therefore before any programs for the wellness publicity can be done, a demand of wellness demands appraisal in the province of G wanda is of importance. Undertaking HNA can give some benefits such as strengthen the community engagement in determination devising, bettering squad and partnership working, professional development of accomplishments and experience and better usage of resources ( Cavanagh and Chadwick,2005 ) .2.1 Target Population Needs AssessmentThe country described in the appendix A ( State of Gwanda ) , the chief job is the scourge/effect of infantile paralysis on kids ( particularly the under-5years old ) . This is most distressing because there is proviso for immunisation. When this country is compared with the southern portion of the state, it can be seen that there is a really low prevalence rate of infantile paralysis in the South. Besides from the appendix, it can be seen that this country had the highest figure of polio instances in 2006 and the 2nd highest in 2005 of all the 44 local authorities countries ( LGAs ) in the province. The demands in this country can loosely be grouped into societal demands and wellness demands. Health demands will include the undermentioned ; a- Need for wellness instruction ; In northern Zimbabwe in 2003, the political and spiritual leaders of Gwanda State brought the immunisation run to a arrest by naming on parents non to let their kids to be immunized. These leaders argued that the vaccinums could be contaminated with anti-fertility agents ( estradiol endocrine ) , Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( HIV ) , and cancerous agents. Another of import factor that played a function in the infantile paralysis vaccinum boycott was the general misgiving of aggressive, aggregate immunisation plans in a state where entree to basic wellness attention is non easy available. The aggressive door-to-door mass immunisations that have slashed polio infections around the universe besides raised intuitions. From a Illiterate Zimbabwean ‘s position, to be offered free medical specialty is about every bit unusual as a alien ‘s traveling door to door in America and passing over $ 100 measures. It does non do any sense in a state where people struggle to obtain the mo st basic medical specialties and intervention at local clinics ( Jegede, 2007 ) . This boycott was caused by the spiritual and tribal leaders of the people who were non adequately educated on the polio issue. Because of the strong influence of these leaders on their topics and the low instruction degree, the impact had an overpowering consequence on the state and the universe as a whole. Therefore, public consciousness runs about inoculation are important. These should emphasize the value of immunisation and affect the media. Immunization messages can be packaged into vocals by local instrumentalists and can be communicated through play in the linguistic communication that local people understand ( Jegede, 2007 ) . b- Need for rehabilitation ; Paralysis is a subsequence of infantile paralysis ( appendix A ) . There is presently no plan on land to rehabilitate those crippled by the disease. This is an country that needs turn toing, to give the disabled a feeling of belonging and better their quality of life. c- Need for surveillance ; The Numberss quoted in the statistics may really be a tip of the iceberg as many more kids may hold been affected. A good surveillance squad should be on land to better the outreach during inoculation yearss. Door-to-door runs may be pursued more sharply. d- Need for policy devising ; In this society where spiritual, traditional and political leaders influence national and planetary issues, a national policy on immunisation against childhood diseases should be in topographic point. All kids delivered in wellness institutes should be made to have all the necessary vaccinums after proper wellness instruction is given to the parents. e- Need for farther research ; Even many old ages after the boycott, infantile paralysis eruptions remain a regular happening in Zimbabwe, and these demo some signifier of opposition to vaccinums. While three or four doses of infantile paralysis vaccinum administered to a immature baby are plenty to supply protection in most parts of the universe, in Zimbabwe, with so much infantile paralysis virus circulating, kids under five old ages must be immunized up to eight or more times ( Odutola,2004 ) . This creates the demand for more research into better vaccinums and manners of vaccine disposal. Social needs- It is a good established research happening that people who are socio-economically disadvantaged suffer a heavier load of unwellness and have higher mortality rates than their better-off opposite numbers ( Robinson and Elkan, 2006 ) . a- Need for better lodging ; Sing the manner of spread of the disease ( Appendix A ) proper waste disposal should be ensured by doing certain the houses have good and proper lavatory system. b- Need for H2O ; Provision of good and wholesome imbibing H2O will cut down the spread of the disease. The H2O beginnings for most portion of the community include Wellss and reservoirs which may be easy contaminated by fecal matters. Harmonizing to UNICEF in 2004 merely 67 % and 31 % of the population usage improved drinking H2O beginnings for urban and rural countries severally ( Appendix ) . c- Need for sanitation ; This can non be overemphasized. This will be aimed at cut downing or extinguishing the spread of the disease. 53 % of urban and 36 % of rural inhabitants used equal sanitation installations ( Appendix )Collaborative WorkingUsing collaborative working attack in the alteration procedure purposes to animate a shared vision to assist leaders understand the benefits and importance of immunization, including instruction and wellness publicity. The leaders will the first people that are targeted to educate as they have a strong influence to the villagers and where the 1s who initiated the boycott. Then parents and the remainder of the villagers after a complete trust has been gained from the leaders. The spouses involved in this wellness publicity will be the small town spiritual and political leaders, Zimbabwean Ministry of wellness, school nurses, local physician, NGO, and other wellness professionals in the community and the media. A spoke adult male from the other State who has witnesse d the benefits of immunization in his province will be available to speak. This could promote the leaders one time hearing it from their native brother. Collaborative/Partnership working has become a cardinal characteristic of British societal public assistance policy since 1997, ( Downie, 2000 ) . Although this development is applicable to all countries of public public assistance, nowhere is it more apparent than in the planning and proviso of attention that overlaps wellness and societal services. The New NHS: Morden and reliable ( 2005 ) places great trade of accent on partnership working with many other New Labour paperss following suit ( Demolishing the Berlin wall ) . However on the other manus Wildridge et Al, ( 2004 ) argues that partnership working is non in and of itself a good thing. The public-service corporation of working in partnership must be related to the desired result. Therefore it is merely deserving working in partnership if such working agreements will really assist accomplish the coveted end. Furthermore, there appears to hold confusion around the definition and nomenclature of partnership working with many o ther labels such as co-operations, coaction and joint working, ( Haxham, 2000, Lasker et al 2001 ) . They farther indicate out that whichever term is used it can intend different things to different people under different fortunes. Therefore, Lowndes ( 2007 ) describes partnership working as a assortment of agreements with different intents, clip graduated tables, constructions, runing processs and members between organisations, groups, bureaus persons and the community as a whole. Haxham ( 2000 ) further comments that coaction working achieves what would be hard or impossible for an organisation to make on its ain hence collaborative working is besides known as partnership working. Likewise Banks ( 2002 ) points out that at times cardinal policy may necessitate a partnership attack, nevertheless if the driver for bureaus working together is principally authorities insisting on them moving, the internal moral force for coaction may be weak. Therefore, taking to a partnership neglecting to travel beyond a presentation undertaking stage, without enduring impact, ( Williamson, 2001 ) .Management of Change StrategyThe job highlighted earlier helped set up the principle for alteration. By working collaboratively wit h the local professionals will promote the leaders to see the benefits of immunisation, without the concern of merely acquiring the information from a alien? Change means loss, and those presenting change demand to recognize the natural heartache and opposition that derive from this sense of loss, which can besides alarm them to possible defects in their proposals, ( Todnem, 2005 ) . To convey approximately successful alteration one should be motivated and believed that alteration is good. Change direction has been defined as the procedure of continually regenerating an organisation ‘s way, construction, and capablenesss to function the ever-changing demands of external and internal clients ( Moran and Brightman, 2001 ) . Harmonizing to Burnes, ( 2004 ) alteration is an ever-present characteristic of organizational life, both at an operational and strategic degree. Therefore, there should be no uncertainty sing the importance to any administration of its ability to place where it needs to be in the hereafter, and how to pull off the alterations required acquiring at that place. Consequently, organizational alteration can non be sepa rated from organizational scheme, or frailty versa ( Burnes, 2004 ; Rieley and Clarkson, 2001 ) . Due to the importance of organizational alteration, its direction is going a extremely required managerial accomplishment ( Senior, 2002 ) . Children provide the cardinal component for the future prosperity of society ( Department for Education and accomplishment, 2003 ) . Therefore, alteration direction is peculiarly of import when developing services for kids and their households, ( DH, 2004 ) . Children came from assorted socio-economic and cultural background, it is imperative that all kids receive appropriate wellness attention. If kids become excluded from preventive intercessions and wellness attention surveillance coders, their peculiar demands may non be identified, ( DH, 2004 ) . Therefore taking to hapless kid development, which will impact their quality of life. Change direction has been viewed as a accomplishment to make, follow and reassign cognition to reflect cognition and penetrations, ( Baulcombie, 2003 ) A principle for alteration is necessary before any alteration can be implementated. Therefore, for the community of Gwanda to help their kids ‘s wellness, their immunisation on the kids has to be implemented. In wellness attention theories are used to convey about planned changed. Planned alteration involved, acknowledging a job and making a program to turn to it, ( Sturdy and Grey, 2002 ) . Assorted alteration theories have been identified within the wellness sector. Therefore taking the right alteration theory is of paramount importance as all alteration theories do non suit any alteration, ( Linstead and Linstead, 2004 ) , Abrahamson, 2000 ) . Kurt Lewin 1951 and Lippitts and Haveloxks direction of alteration theories are the most planned alteration direction theories used in the wellness sector, ( Black, 2000 ) , and their influence still holds in the industry. Planned alteration basically, single behaviour alteration requires two conditions to be met: acquisition has to happen and motive to use the acquisition has to be, ( Baulcombie, 2003 ) . However writers such as Collings, ( 2003 ) and Buchannan and Badham, ( 2000 ) criticize planned alteration claiming that, planned alteration is assumed to hold a clear cut and distinct start and coating, small or no history is taken of the demand for organisation to react in a dynamic and unstable manner to uninterrupted ( frequently external ) force per unit areas of alteration. As Weick ( 2000 ) noted, the chief critics of planned alteration tend to piece under the streamer of emergent alteration. Weick ( 2000 ) states that: Emergent alteration consists of ongoing adjustments, versions, and changes that produce cardinal alteration without a priori purposes to make so. Emergent alteration occurs when people reaccomplish modus operandis and when they deal with eventualities, dislocations, and chances in mundane work. Much of this alteration goes unnoticed, because little changes are lumped together as noise in otherwise uneventful inactiveness. As the emergent attack to alter is comparatively new compared to the planned attack, it is argued that it still lacks coherency and a diverseness of techniques ( Bamford and Forrester, 2003 ; Wilson, 1992 ) . Another unfavorable judgment of the emergent attack is that it consists of a instead disparate group of theoretical accounts and attacks that tend to be more united in their agnosticism to the planned attack to alter than to an agreed option ( Bamford and Forrester, 2003 ; Dawson, 1994 ) . However, harmonizing to Burnes ( 2006 ) the general pertinence and cogency of the emergent attack to organizational alteration depends on whether or non one believes that all administrations operate in dynamic and unpredictable environments to which they invariably have to accommodate. However, for this proposal planned direction of alteration will be used. The alteration theory by Lewin has three stages. Lewin saw that planned alteration is chiefly aimed at bettering the operation and effectivity of the human side of the organisation through participative, group- and team-based coders of alteration ( Burnes, 2004 ; 2000 ) . Lewin died in 1947, but his attack to planned alteration was broadened out and updated by the organisation development motion and applied to organization-wide enterprises such as civilization and structural alteration coders ( Cummings and Worley, 2001 ) .Phase 1 Unfreezing:Lewin believed that the stableness of human behaviour was based on a quasi-stationary equilibrium supported by a complex field of driving and keeping forces. He argued that the equilibrium needs to be destabilized ( unfrozen ) before old behaviour can be discarded ( unlearnt ) and new behaviour successfully adopted. Therefore naming jobs an consciousness of the demand to alt er. At this phase persons are motivated to follow a new position that enables them to comprehend that the current state of affairs can be improved. The forces driving towards and keeping persons from following a alteration must be identified, in this instance the small towns, political and spiritual leaders who are resisted to alter are identified and schemes are to be devised to beef up the drive forces and to weaken the restraining forces. This could be done by educating the small town leaders about infantile paralysis, how kids get infantile paralysis and how to forestall it. Talk to the leaders about their frights if the alteration has to go on. The negotiations and group engagement will so garner information that will place forces that will impact alteration, as in a force field analysis, ( Boje, 2000 ) . Consequently, these can be implemented to present alteration in aiming to cut down infantile paralysis among kids ; in this instance, the drive forces for alteration resulted from kids with high Numberss of infantile paralysis in the territory and the deficiency of good instruction information for the community. During this phase the leaders will be encouraged to voice concerns and frights, and will be given clip to be educated and all answered to their satisfaction. The pedagogues will press the Leaders to see the demand to better attention for the kids. The procedure of squad edifice through group engagement of the wellness boosters, instructors, school nurse and the leaders will promote accepting and back uping alteration. ( Carnal, 2003 ) notes that during the unfreezing stage, it is of import to promote inquiries and advance attitudes that might impact alteration.Measure 2 TravelingTraveling to a desired, province through the execution of new systems. As Schein ( 2006 ) notes, u nfreezing is non an terminal in itself, it creates motive to larn but does non needfully command or foretell the way. Alternatively, one should seek to see all the forces at work to place and measure, on a test and mistake footing, all the available options ( Lewin, 1947 ) . Changing breakage of old wonts and acceptance of new accomplishments and behaviour. In the devising phase, unfastened communicating and engagement of the leaders in developing the alteration in perspecting will be encouraged. Once persons feel actively involved and personally committed to a undertaking, they will be more likely to back up its successful execution, ( Shelton and Darling 2001 ) . Sufficient instruction and support during the traveling phase will assist the leaders achieve a new comfort zone, ( Carney, 2000 ) . Conger ( 2000 ) notes that any alteration is an implied menace, and the individuals affected, frequently vacillate between the loss of the old manner and the chances of the new. The travelin g phase terminals when alteration is implemented and new behaviour encouraged. When alterations are introduced, a period of destabilization is to be expected. Therefore, committedness and motive from the leaders every bit good as the squad as a whole, is required to do this phase successful. The leaders will be encouraged by the fact they will hold kids in the community who do non hold infantile paralysis, and the benefit of the cognition of the importance of immunisation non merely for infantile paralysis.Measure 3: refreezing:Re-freezing or internalising new behaviours and attitudes to forestall and attitudes to forestall to forestall a return old ways of operating. This is the concluding measure in the three-step theoretical account. Refreezing seeks to stabilise the group at a new equilibrium in order to guarantee that the new behaviours are comparatively safe from arrested development. Carr ( 2001 ) noted that the freeze phase is of import to capture informations that reveal th e result of the alteration and describe them. Watchfulness is required to forestall back sliding and old wont patterns return. Many alterations fail because of deficiency of attending to this concluding phase, ( Carney, 2004: Horsefly and Ross-Smith, 2002 ) . Lewin saw these three elements as being used and working together instead than being seen as separate theories. As Burnes ( 2004 ) notes, in order to accomplish successful alteration, Lewin believed it was necessary: to analyse and understand how societal groupings were formed, motivated and maintained. This required the usage of both field theory and group kineticss and to alter the behaviour of societal groups. A demand to both action research and the three-step theoretical account of alteration. Doyle et Al. ( 2000 ) claim that there is inclination in the wellness sector of implementing alteration, so travel on without doing certain that the alteration is lasting. To seek and alter excessively much excessively rapidly is likely to be counterproductive as people will non be able to cover with it efficaciously. The acceptance of an bossy attack to alter, or an over ambitious one, shows a failure to appreciate the human facets of alteration and is likely to bring forth fright, uncertainness and ill will, ( Mullins, 2000 ) . Therefore in this case the leaders will be advised that the alteration will foremost be targeted at a certain figure of freshly born with consequence of turn overing out to all babes in a three month period. However, it must be stressed the importance of all the kids to be immunized every bit shortly as possible. Communication is both a contributory factor to alter, therefore is closely linked to the manner of direction. Lack of communicating efficaciously run the hazard that programs and motivations will be misunderstood and lead to bring forth opposition, ( Mentol et al. 2002 ) . Garvin ( 2000 ) notes, that rumour and guess can make full the nothingness.DecisionIn decision, an of import aim or result of wellness demands appraisal is to convey about ‘health addition ‘ . Clearly, the peculiar wellness addition sought depends in portion on what demand is being assessed. In many types of wellness demand assessment the coveted type of wellness addition is a decrease of mortality and morbidity. Outcomes or aims can include non merely those which ‘add old ages to life ‘ , but besides those which add ‘life to old ages ‘ . Bettering ‘quality of life ‘ is hence besides another of import result ( Robinson and Elkan, 2006 ) . Health results such as alterations in morbidity and mortality are the consequence non merely of wellness attention intercessions but besides of wider societal alterations and policies which affect wellness, such as policies concerned with the environment or general alterations in life criterions. As can be seen from the above, proper wellness in struction and engagement of the interest holders in the planning of proviso of immunisation is paramount in accomplishing the obliteration of infantile paralysis in the country, Zimbabwe and the universe as a whole.

Active Voluntary and Nonvoluntary Euthanasia Essay Example for Free

Active Voluntary and Nonvoluntary Euthanasia Essay ? The term euthanasia originated from the Greek word for â€Å"good death. † It is the act or practice of ending the life of a person either by lethal injection or the deferment of medical treatment (Munson, 2012, p. 578). Many view euthanasia as simply bringing relief by alleviating pain and suffering. Euthanasia has been a long-standing ethical debate for decades in the United States. Active euthanasia is only legal in the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg. Assisted suicide is legal in Switzerland and in the United States in the states of Washington, Oregon and Montana (Angell). Several surveys indicate that roughly two thirds of the American public now support physician-assisted suicide, and more than half the doctors in the United States do too (Angell). Active voluntary and nonvoluntary euthanasia matter because they allow the patient or family to relieve them of pain and suffering, and to die with dignity and respect. In this paper I will argue that it is immoral and unethical to deny a patient the right to die and that active voluntary and nonvoluntary euthanasia should be a legal practice in the United States. When denied the right to die one can endure a tremendous amount of physiological and emotional pain. The 1973 case of Dax Cowart is a great example of this. Dax went through fourteen months of grueling, barbaric treatments of skin debriding, tank soakings, and dressing changes. He compared the debridements to being skinned alive and the solutions poured over his skin were like having alcohol poured over raw flesh except it burns more and longer (Asher). Dax requested on several different occasions to just leave him alone and let him die but all of his physicians’ refused his requests and kept going with their treatment plan. The physicians were going against the principle of non-maleficence, which states, â€Å" Physicians have an obligation to do no harm to the patient† (Munson, 2012, p. 892). Dax suffered through painful debridements for months without proper pain control because his physicians were too worried about him becoming addicted to the pain medications. They knew how painful these debridements were for their patient and they continued to maintain the same treatment plan with no modifications. They deliberately violated the principle of non-maleficence. If active voluntary euthanasia were an acceptable practice in society, Dax ould have been able to refuse the treatments and die by way of infection, or a physician could have given him a lethal injection. Either of these options would have helped Dax to die keeping his wishes of dignity and respect intact. In this case, death is less harmful than the barbaric treatments that Dax had to endure for countless months. Today, many Americans are so concerned about the possibility of a lingering, high technology death that they are responsive to the idea of doctors being allowed to help them die (Angell). This is why we need to legalize active voluntary and nonvoluntary euthanasia in the United States. In an article from The New England Journal of Medicine, Marcia Angell states, â€Å"The most important ethical principle in medicine is respect for each patient’s autonomy, and that when this principle conflicts with others, it should almost always take precedence† (Angell). To deny someone his or her autonomy is to treat that individual as something less than a person (Munson, 2012, p. 900). It is wrong to take control of someone else’s life and to dictate their actions. Each person has a right to act autonomously; in doing this they must have the ability to choose among different options. A forced option is no option at all (Munson, 2012, p. 901). Dax Cowart was denied his autonomy when the doctors would not listen to his wishes of wanting to die; instead they did what they wanted. Munson states that, â€Å"Making decisions for the good of others, without consulting their wishes, deprives them of their status as autonomous agents† (Munson, 2012, p. 902). Dax was not given options to choose from, nor was his voice heard at all in the process, which violated the entire principle of autonomy. It should have been his choice because it was his life. In a completely different case, Terri Schiavo was denied her autonomy when she was kept alive on a feeding tube, when she had previously stated this was not what she wanted if it ever came down to it. With our autonomy, we should have the right to say how and when we die. It should not be based solely on societies morals, values, and beliefs. No one else should have the right to decide how one ends their life, except for that person. We value our autonomy because we are more willing to live with our own choices then to have somebody else decide for us. Active voluntary and nonvoluntary euthanasia give patients their autonomy and right to die with dignity. Active voluntary and non-voluntary euthanasia should be an approved practice because it allows patients who are in a persistent vegetative state the chance to die with dignity, while allowing their loved ones to keep their morals and values in place. Patients that end up in such unfortunate circumstances are unable to use their autonomy and make decisions regarding their treatment and potential end of life care. Maintaining one’s autonomy is part of a dignified death. If these were approved practices, it would allow family members the chance to put an end to their loved one’s suffering the way they would have wanted. It is unethical to force someone to do something against their will, as it is also immoral to make someone live if it’s against their wants or beliefs. On February 26, 1990, Terri Schiavo collapsed and unexpectedly went into a persistent vegetative state, where she remained for fifteen years by sustaining artificial hydration and nutrition through a feeding tube. Terri lost all dignity and autonomy when her terminal illness came, requiring care around the clock. Michael Schiavo believed that his wife would not want to be kept alive in her condition, which ultimately lead to his decision of discontinuing her feeding tube. After a long, tortuous thirteen days, Terri starved to death. The way Terri died was very inhumane and unethical; however it is an approved practice in the United States that continues to be used even today. If active voluntary and non-voluntary euthanasia were an acceptable practice in the United States, patients like Terri would not have to die in such a barbaric way. It is unethical to allow a patient to starve to death, as it is also unethical to deny a patient the right to die (Munson, 2012). Non-voluntary euthanasia would have allowed Terri to die pain free with her dignity and wishes in place. In Timothy Quill’s article, Death and Dignity, A Case of Individualized Decision Making, he talks about his patient Diane, who was diagnosed with leukemia. Diane denied all treatments and eventually agreed upon home hospice care. It was extremely important to Diane to maintain control of herself and her dignity during the time remaining to her. She wanted to remain an autonomous person, and when this was no longer possible, she clearly wanted to die. She asked Dr. Quill for sleeping pills, which he wrote a prescription for knowing she had trouble sleeping, but also knowing it could be a means to an end when the time came for Diane. Diane was able to make an informed decision to take her own life and to die with dignity and her wishes respected in the end. Dr. Quill states, â€Å"I know we have measures to help control pain and lessen suffering, to think that people do not suffer in the process of dying is an illusion† (Quill 2). This is why people in our society should be more open-minded to active voluntary and non-voluntary euthanasia. These two concepts can allow our terminally ill, suffering, loved ones to die with the dignity and respect they deserve, like Diane was able to do. Patients who are diagnosed with a terminal illness such as cancer or progressive neurological disorders eventually become weak and debilitated. These patients end up relying on family, friends, and healthcare workers to help them do their activities of daily living such as batheing and eating. Many of these terminally ill patients lay in bed suffering, with zero quality of life, just waiting to die. These patients have lost their will to live and find no joy or simple pleasures left in life because their pain has become too unbearable. These patients suffer on a daily basis, while family and friends watch, helplessly; as their loved ones decline day by day. It is unethical for society to expect these patients to go on with the quality of life they are maintaining. Terminally ill patients should be allowed to control their demise and end their suffering at their own disposal. Therefore, active voluntary and non-voluntary euthanasia should be a socially acceptable and approved legal practice in the United States. One could oppose the original argument saying that active voluntary and nonvoluntary euthanasia should remain illegal in the United States because it is inhumane and barbaric. Patients do have other options such as hospice programs and pain control. These provide alternative options that can be ethically and morally acceptable in our society. There are a number of options to treat chronic pain such as narcotics. There are an enormous variety of narcotics on the market, all of which can be tried until a specific one is found to be to right for that patient. Palliative care and hospice programs are gaining more attention for the end of life care they provide for terminally ill patients. The goals of these programs are based on comfort care, dignity and respect to the terminally ill patient. These programs allow patients to die with their dignity, respect, morals, and values all in place. Due to the fact that there are other options available for terminally ill patients, other than death, active voluntary and non-voluntary euthanasia should remain an illegal practice in the United States. Another powerful argument made by Marcia Angell is that â€Å"people do not need assistance to commit suicide, with enough determination they can do it themselves† (Angell). People who are too debilitated for physical means can simply just stop eating and drinking and ultimately starve to death, while others given a terminal diagnosis, that have physical means, can end their lives by pills or a gun. This is another reason why active voluntary and non-voluntary euthanasia should remain an illegal practice in the United States. In response to this objection, a rule utilitarian could argue that, the taking of a human life is permissible when suffering is intense and the condition of the person permits no legitimate hope (Munson, 2012, p. 84). Pain cannot always be controlled by narcotics and pain-alleviating techniques, there will always be a small percentage of patients whose suffering simply cannot be adequately controlled. Palliative care and hospice programs are a great idea but are not available to everyone because not everyone has insurance and the means to afford them. They can be very pricy and space is very limited, even with insurance and affordab ility in place. Allowing active voluntary and nonvoluntary euthanasia would give patients more ethical options for death, rather then having to commit the ultimate sin of suicide by starvation or the use of a gun. It is unethical to make a person feel that starvation or the use a gun are their only options. Having the options that active voluntary and nonvoluntary euthanasia can give, would enable a patient to many more ethical options for death, which would ultimately, relieve family members from having to deal with the emotional pain and suffering of finding their loved one’s mutilated body after a self inflicted suicide by use of a gun. Based on the ethical dilemma at hand, my three points have proven that active voluntary and non-voluntary euthanasia should be a legal practice in the United States. One could object this, but I have proven my argument by the physiological and emotional pain one can endure when denied the right to die, by maintaining patients’ autonomy and dignity throughout the process, and by focusing on the quality of life for patients diagnosed with terminal illnesses. The long-standing ethical debate of euthanasia is decades old and will never have a perfect resolution, but one must take into account all sides of each argument to make an informed decision for their self. It is crucial that society remain open-minded regarding this issue. It is unethical to deny a person the right to die. Therefore, active voluntary and non-voluntary euthanasia should be made an approved and acceptable end of life medical practice in the United States. Active Voluntary and Nonvoluntary Euthanasia. (2016, Dec 13).

Traditional male heterosexuality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Traditional male heterosexuality - Essay Example At the same time they were expected to be emotionally insensitive especially to intimate issues. Women were regarded as sex objects to bear children and serve the men while remaining to take care of the home. Role distribution between males and females was clear cut. As it is evident, changes have been first and swift. From the hardened and burly figure, the modern heterosexual has taken the level of manhood to the next level. Areas of operation originally seen as women zones have become a dominant resting place for the modern heterosexual man. To begin with, the present day man has shifted from the hardened burly to a soft sponge that is available for only pleasurable ventures. Men form the advertising sought after images, they do household chores, they intimately relate with both females and males, and they abuse drugs among other things that were detested by the traditional man. This leads to the position that man has changed from his rough nature to the soft one that is on show at present. Heterosexuality reflects sexual behavior, identity, and practices that indicate a desire or preference for the opposite gender. In terms of sexual orientation, heterosexuality is used in reference to a lasting mode of or character to practice affection, physical, sexual, or romantic attractions chiefly to people of the opposite sex. It can also refer to an individual sagacity of social and personal identity on the basis of those attractions, behaviors, and association in a group of people who subscribe them. The term typically applies to human beings. But it is also observed in respect to all mammals. There have arisen changes that have altered male behavior as reflected by the works of Palahniuk and Hollinghurst. The bodily deed of heterosexual fertilization is the only way of sexual reproductive potential in humans devoid of the use of recent guided reproductive technologies. The relations with romantic love plus

Contemporary Philosophical or Political Thought Essay

Contemporary Philosophical or Political Thought - Essay Example Kant has been one of the most influential intellectuals in the world of philosophy with his most discussed philosophical theory of ‘groundwork of the metaphysics of morals’ where he introduced and laid firm foundation the ideas of ethics. In his work, Kant seeks to put down important theory of morality and prove how the principle applies to the people. He put across the idea that the behavior of the principle that a person wishes to do verifies the appropriateness of his or her action. During his era, there was a lot of serious concentration in his mind set about philosophies as due to the influence he used to face. During his school life, he studied some works of well-known historical philosophers such as Gottfried Leibniz and Christian. Any philosophy student could support Kant’s response in philosophy because he has set platform for current philosophers who are working on his ideologies to see on their applicability in the society. Kant drives his point home fr om an ordinary thinking morality to superior ideology of morality, which he regards it, as categorically essential. Kant believes that uncontroversial starts from our ordinary shared moral senses, and evaluation of major common sense conceptions such as ‘the good’, and bear a strong thought of morality. With respect to morality, Kant showed that the origin of ‘good’ does not lie outside individual’s thinking; either in natural phenomena or God’s gifted, but it is more of a good will itself (Wood 129). A good willpower is one that operates from sense of duty according to the worldwide moral rule that an independent person liberally gives it. In basis metamophysic of morality, Kant listed three formulations of the definite imperative that are approximately similar. In Kant’s first formulation of ‘universal laws of nature’, it demands that the individuals should select maxims as if they should act as natural law. The interpret ation of this formula regarded as ‘universalizability test’ states that subjective opinions of individual’s deeds give someone an explanation to act. The second formulation is known as ‘formulation of end in itself’, states that the reasoning being by its nature an ending, and therefore as an ending itself, must provide in each saying as the factor forbidding all purely relative and random endings. The third formula of autonomy is a combination of the previous formulas and it is the foundation for ultimate determination each maxim. It says that, all maxims, which originate from independent legislation, need to match with a probable kingdom of life. This implies that people should act according to their own mindsets as any other individual in the common realm of endings (Jacobs 98). Kant declares that, because of the restriction of discussions in the absence of indisputable proof, no individual could certainly understand whether there is a God and lif e after death or not. For the sake of ethics and as a basis for explanation, Kant declared that human beings have reasons to put trust in God, though they could never understand Lord’s existence empirically. The factor open-minded approach

Effects of Quality Management on Domestic and Global Competition Paper Research - 1

Effects of Quality Management on Domestic and Global Competition - Research Paper Example Japan is the home of most of the world’s best motor producing companies like Toyota, Nissan, Suzuki, and Mitsubishi among others. General Motors Corporations is the world’s largest automaker whose headquarters are in the United States, but has branches in about one hundred and fifty seven countries across the globe. The ownership of the general motors is majorly by the United States government, which owns about sixty-one percent of the total shares. Others entities that have ownership of the general motors are the united Autoworkers, the Canadian government, and bond holders from the old company. General motors once experienced financial crisis in the late 2000s such that it threatened closure of most of its branches in North America (Kennedy, 2005). The American government however came in and funded the corporation. On the other hand, Naza is a Malaysian based industry whose main objective during formation was marketing and distribution of motor vehicles. It was not un til 2003 when the firm started production of bikes then motor vehicles in the year 2005. The company founded by a mogul Tan Sri SM Nasimuddin of Malaysia in 1975 was intended to import reconditioned cars. The company established itself and became an importer of luxury vehicles. The business expanded and in the late nineties, it franchised with South Korean carmaker thus expanded its portfolio of distribution. General motors is credited as the world’s number one automaker, and absorbs as many as hundreds of thousands of people across the world. Naza has absorbed hundreds of people, but the expectations are that it will recruit more members in the near future. The indulgence of the company into the manufacturing sector and mergence with other firms has seen its growth to a recognizable status. General motors has been generating a profit of about 4.7 million US dollars excluding the pensions cost and other expenses. In ranking as per income generation, the general motors took th e second position in the United States after Toyota (Cooney & Yacobucci, 2007). General motors have expanded globally and has gained worldwide recognition. It has main branches in North America, Asia, and Africa. For instance in Africa, General motors ventured back in 1920s but it grew and started assembling vehicles in1950. On arrival in Africa, the first situation of general motors was Egypt, which up to date is the only producer if traditional general motors branded vehicles (Kennedy, 2005). Apart from this, the industry has other branches in Tunisia, which assembles mainly Mazda and Isuzu models. In Kenya GM is situated in Nairobi and it assembles a wide variety of trucks and buses. General motors have its stations in other East African countries like Uganda, Tanzania, and central Africa. Naza on the other hand has its demand locally based though it has entered into contract with worlds distributors that make Naza the hub of their products specifically in Malaysia. In 2010, Gene ral Motors Corporation assigned Naza as the sole distributor of Chevrolet model in Malaysia. Naza also entered into contract with Piaggio group to distribute its main brands in Malaysia. According to Cooney & Yacobucci (2007), the products of general motors have repeatedly participated in the worlds racing championship winning many races. The recent invention from general motors, Cadillac V-series has also ventured in the racing championship. General motors did many research programmes for the market demands. This led to its mergence with various companies to

Future of Moderinization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Future of Moderinization - Essay Example The central concept in the study of social change is modernity, where social patterns emerge from the lap of industrialisation. In everyday terms, modernity refers to the present in relation to the past. Sociologists use this gross concept to describe different social patterns, set in motion by the Industrial Revolution of Western Europe during mid-eighteenth century. Modernisation, then, is the process of social change begun by industrialisation. Modernity shelters â€Å"the progressive weakening, if not destruction, of the . . . relatively cohesive communities in which human beings have found solidarity and meaning throughout most of history† (Berger, 1977, 72). Small, isolated communities still exist in the United States, but they are sheltering only a tiny percentage of the nation’s population. These days, any physical isolation is only geographic: Cars, telephones, television, and computers give most far-flung and remote families the pulse of the larger society and the accessibility to the entire world. People in traditional, preindustrial societies lived their lives as at mercy of forces that is gods, spirits, or simply fate that is beyond any human control. As the power of tradition weakens, people come to see their lives as an unending series of options, a wide-open cielo of choices. Modernisation introduced a more rational and scientific viewpoint as tradition loses its hold and people adopted more and more individual choice. The growth of cities, the expansion of impersonal bureaucracy, and the socio-cultural mix of people from various backgrounds combine to encourage diverse beliefs and behavior. Modern people are not only forward-looking but also optimistic about new inventions and discoveries, which will improve their lives. Modern people organize daily routines down to the very minute. With the introduction of clocks in the late Middle Ages, Europeans began to think not in terms of

Reading summary 4 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reading summary 4 - Assignment Example First, hisba turn out to be a coercive, public power that may potentially punish individuals for holding to religious practices and beliefs; thus, violating liberal secular prescriptions for the religion’s good boundaries. Second, the subsequent legislations and the courts articulate hisba differently from how it is elaborated classically in the Islamic shari’a (Agrama 498). Shari’a aims at cultivating and securing certain moral values. But, the court judgments along with legislation hisba get articulated as a legal practice that connects with the protection of public order, public interest, religious beliefs and public order. Thus, explaining why it is hard to know if the country is a religious or secular state (Agrama 515). Therefore, the presented facts relating to present situations shows that secularism incessantly blurs along with politics and religion and its power depends on the precariousness categories it establishes. Thus, Egypt’s political-religious ambiguities express the deeper indetermination at the secular power foundation. Hence, the country is gradually abandoning its religion and adopting secularism following the introduction of different laws. Thus, it is not concluded if it is still a religious or a secular

Human Biological Systems, Gas Exchange & Transport Assignment

Human Biological Systems, Gas Exchange & Transport - Assignment Example Overall, this CNS control determines the depth and frequency of the respiration. (Schwartzstein & Parker, 2006, p.3) 2. Ventilatory Pump a) Muscles of respiration: there are two sets of muscles that are classified either muscles of inspiration or muscles of expiration. Diaphragm and external intercostal muscles are muscles of inspiration whereas internal intercostal muscle is the muscle of expiration. There are some accessory muscles that assist in forceful inspiration or expiration such as sternocleidomastoid, scalenus, pectoralis and abdominal muscles. b) Chest wall skeleton: rib cage provides the major skeleton support for lungs. c) Chest wall connective tissue: d) Airways: nares (nose), larynx, trachea, bronchus and bronchioles. e) Pleura: visceral pleura and parietal pleura. f) Spinal cord and peripheral nerves: C3, C4 and C5 spinal segments provide innervations to diaphragm via phrenic nerve. All the intercostal muscles get segmental innervations through intercostal nerves that run in the intercostal groove along with artery and vein. Most of the structures of Ventilatory pump, such as muscles and skeleton, ensure appropriate movement of the chest wall and adequate change in the intrathoracic pressure during inspiration and expiration. All the components of airway provide an uninterrupted passage of air to and from the alveoli. The passage is also lined with special epithelium that produces mucus and is studded with cilia (Hlastala & Berger, 1996, p.23). Mucus moist or warm the air whereas cilia traps any foreign particles and clear excess mucus. Parietal pleura line the chest wall and visceral pleura cover the outer surface of the lung. In between these two layers is a pleural space that contains a small amount of fluid. This pleural space plays a critical role in changing the intrathoracic pressure. Spinal cord and peripheral nerves provide a communication between controller and muscles of respiration. (Schwartzstein & Parker, 2006, p.15-23) 3. Gas Exch anger a) Alveoli: the terminal bronchioles are studded with hollow grape like structures called alveoli. b) Pulmonary capillaries: these capillaries originate from the branches of pulmonary artery and aggregate to form pulmonary vein. Terminal bronchioles and alveoli are the sites of gas exchange (no gas exchange take place in the rest of the airway and is referred to as dead space). These alveoli provide abundant surface area for adequate diffusion of gases. Understandably, alveoli are surrounded by thousand of blood capillaries to ensure effective transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide. TAQ 2: 1. Using annotated diagrams explain the processes involved in breathing in and out. Fig 2.1: shows the process of breathing and the structures involved. Breathing In: The process of breathing in is called inspiration. There are two important muscles, diaphragm and external intercostal muscles, that take part in this process. When a person breathes in, diaphragm contracts and chest expands inc reasing volume of the thoracic cavity and creating a negative intrathoracic pressure (fig 2.1). Therefore, air flows from a relatively positive atmospheric pressure towards the negative intrathoracic pressure and fill both lungs. Breathing Out: The process of breathing out is called expiration. Unlike inspiration, expiration at rest is a passive process and do not require muscle support. In fact, the elastic recoil

Self-Disclosure Peer Review Essay Example for Free

Self-Disclosure Peer Review Essay In the field of psychiatry, self-disclosure is only limited on the side of the therapist because the purpose of the session is to elicit as much information as the therapist can from the client. This is necessary so as to effectively provide solutions for the client’s psychological problems. If the therapist would inject self-disclosing moments during the session, this can either make the client feel insignificant and incompetent. However, if self-disclosure would be used appropriately, it can further enhance the session thus speeding up the process. In line with this, I think if a therapist decides to disclose personal experiences or information to the client, caution must always be in mind. Clients should be treated gently as if they are always in a vulnerable state. Through this, additional problems or conflicts can be prevented from manifesting. Post No. 2 by Meagan Bowser I agree with what the learner have posted about self-disclosure. This method should be utilized correctly and it should be implemented at the right time. Therapists must always put the clients first before themselves during sessions so as to emphasize that the focus are the clients and not the therapists. However, since people are distinct from one another using self-disclosure as a tool to resolve problems can have varying results. A certain approach for a specific client may not be applicable to another client. More so, is it appropriate for therapists to make up information in order to show empathy? For example, if a therapist has no experience or any idea about the situation of the client, can the therapists create fictional experiences so as to make the clients feel that they are not alone? Will this gesture be ethical or not?

Methods to Evaluate Non Tariff Measures on Trade

Methods to Evaluate Non Tariff Measures on Trade Non-tariff measures are difficult to quantify as Tariff levels are published in tariff schedules, and these can be large, cumbersome and difficult to read. Non-tariff measures are politically sensitive and this may arise from the lobby activity of vested interests. Measures that are difficult to compute may also be less transparent, which helps to prevent public discussion. Several techniques may be used to evaluate the effect of non tariff measures for example ; data sources; Information about the effects on NTM’s can be gathered through different databases such as the ; 2013 National Trade Estimate Report on Foreign Trade Barriers which is organized each year by the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative to surveys important foreign barriers to U.S. exports, the European Unions Market Access Database, World Trade Organizations (WTO) Trade Policy Reviews and the World Integrated Trade Solutions (WITS) software developed by the World Bank which is described as Vald manole as a user friendly way . price gap measures; Non-tariff measuresincrease thepricepaidby consumers. The basic strategy method involves a comparison of prices before an dafter the NTM mark up where the difference is expressed as a Tariff equivalent. For example, the price of a product includes the cost of transport and insurance while wholesale of retail prices include the cost of transport. These factors must be removed from the observed price difference before the markup can be attributed to non-tariff measures. (Ferrantino,2006). Econometrics model The notable advantage of econometric analysis, relative to the â€Å"price gap†method, is that it can be used to study the trade effects of multiple non-tariff measures across multiple industries and countries simultaneously. They forecast that the price of trade between any two countries will be positively linked to the size of their economies and inversely connected to the distance (and other measures of trade costs)between them. Measures taken by the government to alleviate the impact of Non Tariff barriers Mauritius has effectively diversified its economic activities from a monocrop economy depending on sugar to an economy based on textile, tourism and financial services. Mauritius is regarded as a middle income country and ranks according the recent â€Å"Human Development Index† for 173 countries, Mauritius was ranked second in Africa. (Wikipedia) However, Non tariff measures are affecting Mauritian Trade. A workshop was organized on the 24 January 2013 by the International Trade Center (ITC) with the collaboration of the Mauritian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, where the core results about non-tariff measures (NTMs) affecting Mauritian exporters were discussed, along with solutions and potential policy options. The ICT’s NTM Program Manager Poonam Mayhem claimed that â€Å"Though Mauritian companies enjoy preferential access in the EU market, they complained about the technical and conformity assessment requirements which they find cumbersome in these markets. Labelling, namely the need for labelling in various languages, was also considered to be an important non-tariff barrier† (Anon 2013). Moreover, a report claimed that 29% of burdensome NTMs were encountered within COMESA in which Mauritius is a member . Thus ,in order to alleviate this problem, the government has decided to take concrete measures to eliminate Non Tariff Barriers that are unjustified. The measures were announced by the Dr. the Hon. A. Boolell, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Regional Integration and International Trade at the opening of the Workshop on NTBs in September 2013.The measures are as follows : To eliminate some 26 trade measures considered as NTB’s after a study carried out by Strataconsult which identified those non tariff measures that hold no justification and had to be either streamlined or eliminated., relating mainly to import and export procedures in 2012. The launching of the Mauritius Trade Portal to empower businesses by granting with all the relevant information concerning the import and export procedures. â€Å"A more ambitious project currently being developed is the single window that will link all Government agencies concerned with trade procedures – the objective being for traders to complete all trade procedures on line†(Anon 2013). This system will help to meaningfully eliminate the quasi totality of Non Tariff Barriers in Mauritius. The Government is also collaborating with the International Trade Centre to carry out a survey with organizations to examine the factors affecting trade. Dwell time for the release of goods at the port and airport have been significantly improved since the construction of a one stop center by housing Customs and other agencies under one roof. The Ministry with the collaboration of the World Bank has codified all existing NTB’s so as to facilitate their streamlining or elimination. Some people from the World Bank was in Mauritius recently to help us in setting the permanent data collection tool on NTMs, modelled on a new classification method that is more user friendly. Other measures taken by the government COMESA-EAC-SADC Training Workshop In addition , the COMESA-EAC-SADC Training Workshop was also organized and targeted at enabling trade on Non-Tariff Barriers. Mauritius is ranked first in Sub-Saharan Africa in the â€Å"Ease of Doing Business index of the World Bank†. Mauritius is rated 20th globally in the â€Å"Ease of Doing Business index of the World Bank†, 2nd among SIDS economies and is in the top 10 worldwide for the ease of starting a business. We need to eliminate all weaknesses and difficulties to trade so as to gain more markets since no markets will be at risk if the needs of consumers are satisfied . The World Bank Database on ‘Non Tariff Measures’ Moreover, The World Bank Database on ‘Non Tariff Measures’ (NTMs), including a catalogue of some 6 000 tariff lines, was given to the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Regional Integration and International Trade, Dr. Arvin Boolell, by the Ag Country Director of the World Bank, Mr. Constantine Chikosi, recently. The Database will allow Mauritius to carry out a regular study of the effects of NTMs on trade and competitiveness.It also facilitates exports by improving information on NTMs in export markets. It offers the government with necessary data to implement the right policies that improve the investment climate in competitiveness of Mauritian businesses. Measures taken in other countries are as follows: Elimination of NTM’S in the EU The elimination of NTM’s in the EU is based on three principles : â€Å"(i) non discrimination; (ii) mutual recognition; (iii) Community legislation to the functioning of the common market†(Carrà ¨re Jaime 2011). These values protect â€Å"the movement for goods, persons, services and capital and is the result of the abolition of customs duties, QRs, and measures having equivalent effect to customs duties†(Malouche et al. 2012). In addition, according to the European Commission, On 25 March 2013, the EU and Japan officially launched the negotiations for a Free Trade Agreement, which calls for the removal of EU duties and non-tariff barriers in Japan to merge together. They also enable the EU side to interrupt negotiations after one year if Japan does full fill its commitments to remove non-tariff barriers. Elimination of NTM’s in India India signed a framework contract for setting a free trade area with Thailand in October 2003. The agreementis similar toIndia-ASEANfree trade agreement. It also says that FTA should cover: (i)Non-tariff barriers (NTBs)imposed onany products covered in this Agreement,including, butnot limited toquantitative restrictions or prohibition on the importation of any product or on the export or sale for export of any products.(ii)Safeguards based on the GATT/WTO principles; (iii) Disciplines on subsidies and countervailing measures and anti-dumping measures based on the existing GATT discipline. The Government Oof India has also taken some internal measures like the instance, import restrictions levied certain products under Article XX. References Anon, 2014. â€Å"European Commission†. [online] Available From : http://ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/countries-and-regions/countries/japan/ [Accessed 27June 2014] Anon,2013. â€Å"Non-tariff measures affecting Mauritian Trade†. [online] Available From : http://www.intracen.org/Non-tariff-measures-affecting-Mauritian-trade/ [Accessed 27 June 2014] Carrà ¨re.,C and Jaime; (March 2011):†Non-Tariff Measures What Do We Know, What Might Be Done?†. MeloSource: Journal of Economic Integration, Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 169-196 Published by: Center for Economic Integration, Sejong University Stable Malouche, M.,Cadot,O., Saez,S., 2012. â€Å"Streamlining Non-Tariff Measures†. [online] Available From : http://www.scribd.com/doc/93203908/Streamlining-Non-Tariff-Measures [Accessed 27 june 2014] Anon 2014. â€Å"EU and Japan exchange offer to open markets†.[online] Available From: http://www.euinjapan.jp/en/media/news/news2014/20140404/200044/ [Accessed 26 june 2014] Bacchetta et al ,2012. â€Å" World Trade Report Trade and Public Policies :A Closer Look at Non -Tariff Measures in the 21st Century† [online] Tomacinschi, L., Available From : http://www.scribd.com/doc/169205870/World-Trade-Report [Accessed 3rd July 2014] Anon â€Å"Origins Of The Wto And Its Transformation From Gatt International Law Essay† [online], Available From : http://www.ukessays.com/essays/law/origins-of-the-wto-and-its-transformation- from-gatt-international-law-essay.php [Accessed 14 July 2014] TheWorld Bank 2014 .,â€Å"Economy Rankings† [online], Available From :http://www.doingbusiness.org/rankings [Accessed 14 July 2014] Bose., A (2013) â€Å"Outsourcing to africa A Relative Ranking of 15 Country Locations† [online], Available From: http://www.slideshare.net/arindambos/outsourcing-to-africa-full-report-arindam-bose[Accessed 4 August 2014]

Bermuda Triangle as a Mythical Geographic Area Essay -- Bermuda Triang

Bermuda Triangle as a Mythical Geographic Area The Bermuda triangle is a mythical geographic area. It is believed to extend from the tip of Florida to Bermuda and to Puerto Rico. Over 100 planes and ships have disappeared in the last century. There are many theories about what might cause the disappearances of theses ships and planes. Scientist have come to believe that the most possible theory has something to do with the climate change such as tsunamis, hurricanes or waterspouts. The other theory is that the compasses point to the True North and not the Magnetic North. There are other less likely theories but it depends on whether a person believes or not. There is also the theory that Atlantis might have sunk where the Bermuda Triangle is located and that the Atlanteans technology is so advanced that they are disintegrating our ships and planes. People think that the aliens have chosen certain spots to abduct people and do experiments on. Scientist also believe that the Bermuda Triangle might be something like a black hole whi ch takes people to a different dimension or a time warp. Scientist have come to believe that when the ships and airplanes fly through the triangle that a hurricane, tsunami or a waterspout might have swallowed the ships. There have been a few times where empty and intact ships have washed ashore but the only thing found was either a dog or cat, but no humans whatsoever. Waterspouts might spin up to a speed of 150 MPH but they usually won’t last longer than 10 minutes. Yet these waterspouts have the power rip ships in half and destroy airplanes. Tsunamis can reach speeds of 600 MPH and reach heights of 100 feet. The possibility of a tsunami being responsible for the disappearances is low because tsunamis are usually visible on land. Hurricanes can swallow a ship but it’s not usual for it to swallow an airplane. A ship being swallowed possible but the problem is if they in fact really do get destroyed what happens to the remains of the ships and the people? This leaves many scientist puzzled if climate changes are responsible f or the disappearances then why haven’t any remains been found. The next theory is that when the compasses are in a certain place on earth such as the Bermuda Triangle they point to the truth north instead of the magnetic north like normal. This causes many ships and airplanes to go many miles away from wher... ... a time warp and cannot get out, or they might have entered another dimension. If this is what is happening to the people in ships and planes maybe that’s why there are no remains they might have moved to another unknown dimension or might be stuck in a time warp. In Conclusion I believe that the best explanation is that these airplanes and ships are being misdirected because of the true north versus the magnetic north theory. Maybe the ships and planes become deviated because of their compass that they become lost and the weather just is not easy to survive in so they are never found. They other possibility is that they go so deep into the ocean that its hard for them to go anywhere because their compasses do not work. This is what I think because of the research that I have done. Bibliography Berlitz, Charles (1974) The Bermuda Triangle an Incredible Saga of Unexplained Disappearances. New York: Doubleday & Company Inc. Gaffron, Norma (1988) The Bermuda Triangle Great Mysteries Opposing Viewpoints. Minnesota: Greenhaven Press Inc. Kusche, Lawrence David. (1975) The Bermuda Triangle Mystery Solved. New York: Harper & Row Publishers Inc. www.bermuda-triangle.org

Discussing the Theory Modernization as a Cause of Secularization Essay

Today, most people think that something has happened regarding the importance of religiosity in everyday life, but nobody is quite sure how to generalize it, or even if it can be generalized. As industrialization and modernity has increased, religion has lost some of its social significance. This has been especially troubling for sociologists. Is it simply, as the "classic theorists" of secularization said a century ago, that when a society becomes modern it becomes secular too? Does modernity necessarily imply secularity? Secularization is a process of change as a society slowly migrates from close identification with the local institutions of religion to a more clearly separated relationship with general actions. It is a controversial term because the whole idea of secularization can be confused with secularism, a philosophical and political movement that promotes the idea that society benefits by being less religious, whereas the opposing view is that the values and beliefs understood in religions support a more moral and, therefore, better society. As stated by sociologists, secularization has many levels of meaning, both as a theory and a historical process. Theoreticians such as Karl Marx, Sigmund Freud, Max Weber, and Émile Durkheim, postulated that the modernization of society would see a decline in levels of religiosity. The study of the process seeks to determine the manner in which, or extent to which religious doctrines, practices and institutions are losing their social significance. B oth rely on the concept of a secular state: one that separates governmental and religious institutions, and bases its authority on man-made law, not in religious-doctrine. The ‘Secularization of Religion Debate’ is a conversation ... ...e life and times of secularization theory will be turned over to historians, who might just see it as yet another example of the glaring flaw of the social sciences. Furthermore, the secularization theory emerged at roughly the same time as the field of sociology, which was, at root, preoccupied with the meaning of modernization and fashion the theory of modernization. Along with bureaucratization, rationalization, and urbanization, secularization constituted a basic part of what it meant to be modern. Is it too far fetched to think that sociology, modernity, and secularization all need each other to survive? If secularization is tossed aside as an unreliable component of what it means to be modern, what might fall away next? And if rationalization, bureaucratization, and urbanization prove unreliable what will happen? It is still ongoing, so let’s wait and see.

Soul Catchers :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Soul Catchers†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A most interesting film detailing the history and role of the prophet in the Jewish tradition. The first question we must explore is what a prophet is. A prophet by definition is a person who speaks by divine inspiration. Others will say that a prophet is one whose eye is open. A person who can see things that others cannot. In order to understand the prophets and their appearance in history we must first understand the politics of the times. In the eleventh century BCE Israel is divided into twelve tribes. The prophet Samuel is called upon to bring the people under one ruler or king and lead Israel into a monarchy. However this brings a major split and for the first time we find a military and political leader, the King, along with a spiritual leader, or the prophet. The prophet played the role of moral keeper and would make sure that the King was ruling justly and keeping the Law of God. Prophets began to travel in packs receiving the presence of God through trace like states. The prophet Elijah emerges out of these traveling prophets around 886 BCE and begins to speak publicly. Elijah had a big problem with the King. The Kings lady was from a pagan religion and had brought about the worship of other Gods. Elijah addresses the King publicly and challenges the other Gods to make fire. They of course can’t match the Big Guy and Elijah triumphs and rides away into the sky leaving behind his robe passing on the power of prophecy. So ends the spoken prophets. Later around 792 BCE, the writing prophets come about with the powerful speaker Amos. Amos says a bunch of things that no one wants to hear such as the downfall of Israel’s Northern Kingdom and the death of the King. Then he really upsets everyone by saying that Israel will be sent into exile. About 742 BCE the most known prophet, Isaiah comes on the scene. Now this far out guy walks the streets naked for three years telling the King not to ally with the Assyrians. He also speaks of how Jerusalem will be saved from the Assyrians. The Assyrians don’t invade Jerusalem but the Northern Kingdom is destroyed just as Amos predicted fifty years earlier. Finally one of the last and least liked of the prophets comes about around 626 BCE and his name is Jeremiah.

The Secret of Ella and Micha Chapter 16

Current Day Ella I don't know why I'm in here. I started to run down the street with so much adrenaline lashing through me it felt like my chest was going to explode. The rain was pouring down and all I could think about was getting as far away from Micha's house as possible, but my mind caught up with me and I pulled myself back somehow. My clothes drip on the bathroom floor, which is still stained red from her blood. I sit down and hug my knees to my chest, staring at the bathtub. Something died in me when I found her, but I'm not sure what. Maybe my soul. That night, I'd been so determined to go to that stupid party that I left her at the house alone, even though my dad had left me in charge of her. There was one simple rule: keep an eye on mom. And I couldn't even follow it. â€Å"Ella, what are you doing in here?† Micha observes me from the doorway, his clothes and hair drenched with rain. I cuddle my knees against me and squeeze my eyes shut. â€Å"I saw you go to your bedroom with Naomi.† â€Å"Okay†¦Ã¢â‚¬  he sounds confused. â€Å"Why do you sound upset, though?† â€Å"It doesn't matter,† I say. â€Å"None of this matters.† â€Å"Of course it matters.† He sits down beside me and drapes his arm over his knees. â€Å"Otherwise you wouldn't be in here.† â€Å"You're right, it does matter.† I run my finger between the cracks in the tile. â€Å"I don't want you to be with Naomi.† â€Å"Wait a minute. Do you think I hooked up with her?† â€Å"Isn't that what you normally do when you take a girl back to your room?† â€Å"Naomi and I were just talking,† he mutters quietly. â€Å"And I haven't taken a girl back to my room in months.† Hearing him say that makes me feel better and I start to face the inevitable. I can run all I want and try to shut myself down, but my feelings for Micha will always be there – they control me. â€Å"You know, you scared the shit out of me that night,† he says, staring at the bathtub. â€Å"The way you looked when I found you†¦ I don't ever want to see that look in your eyes again – that emptiness.† â€Å"It was my fault.† I let it fall off my chest and crash into the world. â€Å"I was supposed to watch her that night, but I was selfish and thought that stupid party was more important.† He turns my head toward him and looks me in the eyes, so I can see how much he means what he says. â€Å"You're not selfish. You were seventeen and you made a mistake just like every other seventeen-year-old out there does.† â€Å"She died because of my mistake.† The words scratch at my throat. â€Å"If I would have just stayed home like I was supposed to then she wouldn't be dead.† â€Å"You have to let this go,† he says, his voice strained. â€Å"You can't keep blaming yourself for something that was out of your hands.† â€Å"I wish I could have a redo.† Tears sting the corners of my eyes. â€Å"I want to do it over again.† He covers my hand with his. â€Å"I think you might need to talk to someone about this. Otherwise it's going to haunt you forever.† I suck the tears back and wiggle my hand away from his. â€Å"You think I'm going crazy.† He shifts in front of me onto his knees, takes my face in his hands, and forces me to look at him. â€Å"Look at me. No one thinks you're crazy. You're strong, but you've been through a lot of shit and you might need some help working through it.† â€Å"I think I'm more fucked up than you realize,† I say. â€Å"I can't even look in a mirror anymore.† â€Å"That does sound crazy.† He tucks my hair out of my face and takes a good look at me. â€Å"You're beautiful.† I shake my head slowly. â€Å"It's not that. It's something else. Like if I look in the mirror I have to see what's really inside.† â€Å"What's inside isn't bad.† â€Å"Yes, it is. If you knew the truth, you wouldn't want to be with me.† He assesses me closely and then helps me to my feet, pulling me up by the arms. â€Å"What are you doing?† I ask as he steers me by the shoulders to the mirror on the medicine cabinet. I wince at the girl staring back at me; big green eyes, wet hair stuck to her head, and mascara running down her face. I begin to recoil, but he holds me in place and forces me to look at myself. His aqua eyes lock on my reflection. â€Å"When I saw you that night, I felt completely helpless. I loved being able to help you, whether it's if you fell off the roof and needed to go to the hospital or you needed help climbing up a tree. It has always been my thing since we were kids and I loved every second of it, but that night there was absolutely nothing I could do to help you. I never want to feel that way again.† He takes a deep breath and lets it out gradually. â€Å"I love you, Ella May and nothing will ever change that. You can push me away – run away – and I will still love you.† Hot tears pour out of my eyes and down my cheeks. My shoulders start to shake as I turn to him and bury my face into his chest. His arms circle around my waist and he lifts me up. My arms and legs fasten around him like he is my lifeline, and maybe he is. He carries me into my room as I continue to sob and he lies down with me on the bed. It's dark and the music from next door drifts through the open window. Tears spill continuously to downpour from my eyes, and I place my hand over his chest, feeling the beat of his heart. I keep crying years of tears that have been bottled up until finally my eyes run dry. Then I breathe again. Micha I wake up early in morning in a state of panic. Ella is fast asleep in my arms, her eyes swollen from crying, and she's clinging onto me like I'm everything to her. It's what I've always wanted, but something feels unresolved within me and I need to fix it before I get in too deep with her. She needs someone strong and until I face the thing plaguing me, I can't be that for her. But I will be. Carefully, I raise her head from my shoulder and slip out of her room. Her dad's snoring on the couch, there's a broken bottle on the kitchen floor, and the back door is wide open. I lock up and then jump the fence. My yard is trashed with beer bottles and cigarette butts and my mom's car is parked in the driveway. The inside looks just as bad and I feel like a dick for leaving it for my mom to clean up, but if I don't go right now, I'll chicken out. So I hurry to my room, where Ethan's passed out in my bed with his arms and legs hanging over the side. He still has on the clothes from last night and the whole room stinks of stale booze and cigarettes. I stuff some clothes into a bag and collect my keys from the dresser. â€Å"Are you going somewhere?† Ethan sits up from the bed, rubbing his eyes. I swing the bag over my shoulder. â€Å"I'm going on a little road trip. I'll be back in a few days.† He gapes at me. â€Å"By yourself?† â€Å"Yeah, this is something I have to do by myself.† He considers something. â€Å"You're going to see your father, aren't you?† I let out a loud breath. â€Å"Yeah man, but don't say anything, okay?† Ethan nods. â€Å"Alright, if that's what you want me to do.† â€Å"It is.† I open the door. â€Å"And hey, help my mom clean up†¦ and keep an eye on Ella.† He falls back into the bed. â€Å"Alright man, will do.† I grab my wallet and leave the room, wondering who I'm going to be when I come back. Ella I wake up to an empty bed, but try to stay calm. I text Micha and ask him where he is because I'm sure there's an explanation. â€Å"I'm sure it's nothing bad,† I say, but there's an unsettling feeling squeezing inside me. I slip on a pair of shorts and a tank top and go downstairs to head to his house, but Dean, Lila, and a girl with short black hair are sitting at the kitchen table with coffee mugs in front of them. There's a box of doughnuts on the counter and someone's taken out the garbage and cleaned the dishes. â€Å"Oh my God, it's so nice to finally meet you.† The girl with black hair stands up and meets me in the middle of the kitchen. â€Å"Likewise, I guess†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I shake her extended hand, glancing at Lila and then Dean. Dean gets up and brushes crumbs off the front of his button down shirt. â€Å"Ella, this is my fiance, Caroline.† My mouth forms an â€Å"O.† She's not how I pictured her; short and slender, with tan skin and shoulder length wavy hair. She has a vest on over a t-shirt and a pair of black jeans. There's a butterfly tattoo on her wrist and her ears have multiple piercings. I pictured her more prim and proper, by the way my brother showed up looking. â€Å"Dean's told me so much about you,† she says with a genuine smile. â€Å"And I'm finally glad to have a face to attach to the stories he's been telling me.† My eyes wander to Dean and my eyebrows arch up. â€Å"Stories, huh? I'd love to hear these stories.† She doesn't miss a beat. â€Å"Like how you like to draw and how you love cars. He also said you attend UNLV, which is so cool because that's where I went.† â€Å"I thought you said you didn't know where I was,† I say to Dean. He shifts uneasily. â€Å"Dad told me once during like a five minute conversation. But anyway, it's not a big deal, Ella, for me to tell my fiance about my little sister.† â€Å"It kind of is.† My voice carries an underlying meaning that only he will understand. â€Å"All things considering.† Dean hisses through clenched teeth. â€Å"Ella, can you not start this shit. It's too early in the morning.† Caroline glances from Dean to me then back to Dean. â€Å"You weren't lying. You guys' relationship is a little intense.† Removing myself from the conversation, I pull my hair into a ponytail and pour myself a cup of coffee. Breathing in the aroma, I stare out the window, noting that Micha's car isn't next door. â€Å"Where the hell is he?† I mutter to myself. Suddenly, I'm being yanked by the arm out of the room. â€Å"Hey,† I protest as hot coffee spills onto my foot. â€Å"What is your problem?† â€Å"Look.† Dean says once we're in the living room. â€Å"I didn't invite her here. She just showed up to surprise me.† â€Å"So you don't want her here?† I take a sip of my coffee, hiding my amusement. He rubs the back of his neck tensely. â€Å"There's just stuff she doesn't know about me yet and I don't think I'm ready to tell her.† â€Å"You told her about me.† â€Å"But not dad. And not mom either.† I set the cup down on the table and wipe up the coffee from my foot with a towel. â€Å"Okay, so what do you want to do about it?† â€Å"Could you hang out with her for the day, while I pack up the rest of my room?† he asks. â€Å"And then I can get her out of here by tomorrow morning.† â€Å"You should just tell her the truth.† I toss the towel on the couch. â€Å"Avoiding the problem will only catch up with you.† He pulls an annoyed face. â€Å"You're one to talk.† â€Å"I know and I'm working on it.† My voice shakes a little and I clear it. His face is turning red. â€Å"Would you please just keep her busy?† â€Å"I guess.† I shrug. â€Å"But where do you want me to take her?† â€Å"For a drive around the lake or something,† he says. â€Å"I don't care just as long as you keep her away from here.† I collect my coffee and proceed for the kitchen, while he heads for the stairs to finish packing. â€Å"And Ella,† he calls out from the stairway â€Å"You look different today – happier.† I give him a small smile, and then I turn away, wondering what looks different.